Japan and Philippines Sign New Defense Pact Amid Rising Tensions with China

Japan and the Philippines have signed a new defense agreement aimed at strengthening military cooperation and boosting deterrence amid growing regional tensions with China. The pact allows the tax-free provision of supplies such as ammunition, fuel, food and other necessities during joint military training and operations.
The agreement is intended to improve readiness for both security challenges and natural disasters, a shared concern for the two countries. It comes as Japan and the Philippines face increasing pressure in the East China Sea and South China Sea, where overlapping territorial claims and maritime incidents have intensified.
Both sides reaffirmed their commitment to upholding the rule of law, including freedom of navigation and overflight, particularly in contested waters. They also agreed to oppose unilateral attempts to change the status quo by force or coercion, a clear reference to China’s growing assertiveness in the region.
In parallel with the defense pact, Japan announced new security and economic assistance for the Philippines, including support for maritime infrastructure and improved digital connectivity in less developed areas.
The agreement builds on recent steps to deepen security ties. In 2024, the two countries signed a reciprocal access arrangement allowing their forces to operate on each other’s territory for expanded joint exercises. Negotiations are also ongoing to strengthen safeguards for shared defense and military information.
Officials said the expanded partnership reflects a common vision of a free and open Indo-Pacific based on international law and regional stability.